LIST OF PARADOXES

LIST OF PARADOXES

Paradox sentences with gerund for the book

* How am I supposed to get / gain experience [to be hired for a job] if I'm constantly turned down for not having any? (Catch-22. Rephrasing) 

* So true. You can't get a job without having experience but you can't get experience without getting the job.


Logic

Catch-22: A situation in which someone is in need of something that can only be had by not being in need of it. A soldier who wants to be declared insane in order to avoid combat is deemed not insane for that very reason, and will therefore not be declared insane.
* A bank is a place / an institution that will lend you money if you can prove that you don't (really) need it.(Banks won't lend money unless you can prove you don't need it)
* YOU CAN’T GET A JOB WITHOUT EXPERIENCE; AND YOU CAN’T GET THE EXPERIENCE WITOUT A JOB.
Catch 22 is Heller’s name for a no-win proposition
* You can't get a job without experience and you don't have a job if you don't work.

Lottery paradox: If there is one winning ticket in a large lottery, it is reasonable to believe of any particular lottery ticket that it is not the winning ticket, but it is not reasonable to believe that no lottery ticket will win.

Drinker paradox: In any pub there is a customer of whom it is true to say: if that customer drinks, everybody in the pub drinks

Self-reference

Socratic paradox: "All I know is that I know nothing."

"Is the answer to this question no?"
This is a follow-up question to Proof explaining why everything is not possible: If everything is possible, then is it possible for anything to be impossible?.

Liar paradox: "This sentence is false." This is the canonical self-referential paradox. Also , and "I'm lying." Suppose someone tells you “I am lying.” If what she tells you is true, then she is lying, in which case what she tells you is false. On the other hand, if what she tells you is false, then she is not lying, in which case what she tells you is true. In short: if “I am lying” is true then it is false, and if it is false then it is true. The paradox arises for any sentence that says or implies of itself that it is false (the simplest example being “This sentence is false”). It is attributed to the ancient Greek seer Epimenides (fl. c. 6th century BCE), an inhabitant of Crete, who famously declared that “All Cretans are liars” (consider what follows if the declaration is true). The paradox is important in part because it creates severe difficulties for logically rigorous theories of truth; it was not adequately addressed (which is not to say solved) until the 20th century.

• Card paradox: "The next statement is true. The previous statement is false." A variant of the liar paradox that does not use self-reference.
• Pinocchio paradox: What would happen if Pinocchio said "My nose will be growing"?

Epimenides paradox: A Cretan says: "All Cretans are liars". This paradox works in mainly the same way as the Liar paradox.


Bhartrhari's paradox: The thesis that there are some things which are unnameable conflicts with the notion that something is named by calling it unnameable.

Paradox of the Court: A law student agrees to pay his teacher after (and only after) winning his first case. The teacher then sues the student (who has not yet won a case) for payment.

Crocodile dilemma: If a crocodile steals a child and promises its return if the father can correctly guess exactly what the crocodile will do, how should the crocodile respond in the case that the father guesses that the child will not be returned?

Petronius' paradox: "Moderation in all things, including moderation" (unsourced quotation sometimes attributed to Petronius).

Russell's paradox: Does the set of all those sets that do not contain themselves contain itself?


Vagueness (indistinctness, a lack of clarity, ambiguity)

Ship of Theseus: It seems like you can replace any component of a ship, and it is still the same ship. So you can replace them all, one at a time, and it is still the same ship. However, you can then take all the original pieces, and assemble them into a ship. That, too, is the same ship you began with

Mathematics Paradoxes

Russell's paradox: Does the set of all those sets that do not contain themselves contain itself?


Statistics
Friendship paradox: For almost everyone, their friends have more friends than they do.+
The happiness paradox: your friends are happier than you